Assessment of the Surface and Groundwater Quality in Ismailia Canal and its Adjacent Area.

Abstract
     
      Ismailia Canal, one of the main branches of the Nile River in Egypt, is considered as one of the most important irrigations and drinking water source for Ismailia, Port Said and Suez governorates.       The aim of the present study is to determine the water quality in the area of investigation to follow up on the long-term changes in the physical and chemical characteristic of water to find out the present status of the water quality of Ismailia Canal.In order to achieve effluent concentration regulations, the study advises improving the control of garbage dumped into the channel. Set in Law 48/ 1982 for the protection of the Nile River and its waterways against pollution.The widely applied solution to this problem is based on keeping heavy metals below the permissible limits in soil and agricultural crops. The outcome of this study can provide key information on heavy metals, which is useful in achieving sustainable agricultural management. So, water samples were collected from different dimensions and directions from Ismailia Canal, and chemical properties of the collected Surface and groundwater were determined the appropriateness of water for irrigation using various parameters like pH, electrical conductivity, sodium absorption ratio, and water quality index were assessed. The results of samples analysis showed that pH values ranged from 7.1 to 8.1, and electrical conductivity values fluctuated between 0.334 and 0.447 mS/cm. Moreover, the sodium adsorption ratio of the water samples ranges between 0.55 and 3.01, While the water quality index showed that all water samples, both surface and groundwater, are excellent for irrigation. The most pressing challenge facing water resources development in Egypt are rapid growth and unbalanced distribution of the population, rapid urbanization, water quality deterioration, government's policy to reclaim new land, and unsustainable water use practices. Now Egypt is reaching its limits of available water and this will not be possible anymore and Egypt will have to face variable supply conditions.